0853042033
AN
ANALYSIS OF BABY TALK
(SLA
PROJECT)
RIZKA
MAHARDIKA
0853042033
ENGLISH
DEPARTMENT
TEACHER
TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
LAMPUNG
UNIVERSITY
2010
I.
BABY TALK
Language has been
called the symbolisation of thought. It is learned code, or system of rules
that enables us to communicate ideas and express wants and needs. Reading,
writing, gesturing, and speaking are all forms of language. Language falls into
two main divisions: receptive language (understanding what is said, written, or
signed) and expressive language (speaking, writing, or signing).
Language acquisition is
partly innate and partly learned, as children interact with other people and
the environment. The language acquisition of all children occurs gradually
through interaction with people and the environment.
Baby talk, also
referred to as caretaker speech, infant-directed speech, or child-directed
speech and informally as motherese, parentese, or mommy talk. It is nonstandard
form of speech used by adults in taking to toddlers and infants.
By 2 to 3 years of age
children should be able to follow two-part instructions and string two or three
words together to talk about and ask for thing. But, children, sometimes
misunderstand what is said to them, utter oddly worded sentences, and put
speech sounds in the wrong spots (or limit them) when they are learning to
talk.
II.
ANALYSING
Observation was divided
into three sessions. All sessions was done in the different periods. From those
sessions, there are 4 aspects that will be analysed. The aspects are phonology,
syntax, morphology, and semantics. Each aspect has the example of dialog
between Sallu and his Mom.
Syntax
Aspect
Syntax is the study of
the principles and rules for constructing sentences in natural language.
(Wikipedia). In this research, from the observation, writer found some forms of
syntax in Sallu’s utterances. The forms are affix (prefix), passive form,
adjective, the function of words before and after, and question form, and negative
form.
a. Prefix (di-)
Sallu
: Koki yah... Ini gimana ini? Oh, diputer yah...
Mom
: Iya diputer. Eh bunyi yah..
b. Passive Form
Sallu
: Koki yah... Ini gimana ini? Oh, diputer yah...
Mom
: Iya diputer. Eh bunyi yah..
c. Adjective
Mom
: Gimana rasanya?
Sallu
: Enak.
d. The Function of
Words Before and After
Mom
: Sallu udah mandi belum?
Sallu
: Udah..
Mom
: Oya, Sallu udah makan?
Sallu
: Belum... Apaan tuh?
e. Question
1.
Tune
Sallu
: Bunyi apa?
Mom
: Alarm. Bunyi apa?
Sallu
: Alarm.
2.
Place
Sallu
: Beli dimana itu?
Mom
: Ini beli di warung.
3.
Thing
Sallu
: Apaan itu?
Mom
: Kue. Coba liat apa aja warnanya?
Sallu
: Warna kuning...
f. Negative form
Mom
: Ini apa? Jenggot yah?
Sallu
: Bukan.. Ini kumisnya...
Morphology
Aspect
Morphology is the identification,
analysis, and description of the structure of morphemes and other units of
meaning in a language. Two units are affixes (prefix and suffix) and stress. In
the conversation, Sallu could produce prefix /di-/, some suffix /-in/ /-an/
/-nya/, and many words with the stress /R/.
a. Prefix
di-
Diputer
b. Suffix
-in
Bukain
-an
Mainan
-nya
kumisnya, rambutnya, bajunya, warnanya
c. Stress
{R}
alarm, warna, rasa, stroberi, warung, anggur, kring, garpu
Semantic
Aspect
Semantics is the study
of meaning that humans use language to express. It typically focuses on the
relation between signifiers, such as words, phrases, signs, and symbols, and
what they stand for. In the case of semantics, Sallu could denote a range of ideas.
He often used an ordinary utterance to express something that he understood.
Some stimulus that can be understood by him to express the utterance are
movement, pattern, size, quantity, voice or sound, and taste. (Clark and Clark;
1977).
a. Sound
Sallu
: Nah... kring...
Mom
: Iya.. bunyi yah.. bunyi apa?
Sallu
: Alarm.
b. Quantity
Sallu
: Abis kuenya. Uda abis..
Mom
: Iya udah abis kuenya. Ayo kita cuci tangan yuk..
Sallu
: Ayo..
c. Taste
Mom
: Gimana rasanya?
Sallu
: Enak.
Mom
: Rasa apa?
Sallu
: Rasa anggur.
Phonology
Aspect
Phonology is the
systematic use of sound to enccode meaning in any spoken human language, or the
field of linguistics studying this use. In this case, from the observation,
Sallu could pronounce words with letter /r/ clearly.
Mom : Warna apa jamnya?
Sallu : Warna merah.
(he pointed Mickey’s cloth)
Mom : Bapaknya megang apa ini?
Sallu : Megang sendok
sama garpu.
Mom : Bunyi jam alarm.
Bunyi apa?
Sallu : Alarm yah...
Mom : Gambar apa coba?
Gambar bapak-bapak yah?
Sallu : Gambar bapak...
Sallu : Rasanya
stroberi..
Mom : Mana yang rasa
stroberi?
Mom : Ini beli di
warung.
Sallu : Warung..
Mom : Rasa apa?
Sallu : Rasa anggur.
III.
CONVERSATION
SESSION 1
Mom : Sallu main apa?
Sallu : Main ini.
(still busy playing the clock)
Mom : Main apa ini?
(while pointed the clock)
Sallu : Ini apa.. Jam.
Mom : Jam gambar apa?
Sallu : Jam Mickey
Mouse.
Mom : Warna?
Sallu : Warna...
(silent for a few
second, he was difficult to answer due to the clock is colorful)
Mom : Warna apa jamnya?
Sallu :Warna merah. (he
saw Mickey’s cloth)
Mom : Mana merahnya?
Sallu : Ini...merah...
(while pinted the Mickey’s cloth)
Mom : Iya.. merah yah
baju Mickeynya... Terus, ada warna apa lagi? Ini warna apa?
Sallu : Warna putih
Mom : Ini... apa?
Sallu : Merah... hm,
item juga..
Mom : Item.. Heem..
(mengiyakan). Ini jam berapa sekarang? Coba liat jam berapa?
Sallu : Coba..
Mom : Coba.. ne liat
jam berapa coba?
Sallu : Jam tiga...
hmm, jam banyak...
Mom : Hahaa.. jam
banyak... haha... Eh, ini bunyi apa?
Sallu : Tulit..tulittt....
(imitated the alarm’s tune)
Mom : Bunyi apa
namanya?
Sallu : Bunyi itu...
Mom : Apa namanya?
Sallu : Namanya jam
Mom : Bunyi jam alarm.
Bunyi apa?
Sallu : Alarm yah...
Mom : Gimana bunyinya?
Sallu
:Tulit....tulittttt
SESSION 2
Sallu : Ini jam apa
ini?
Mom : Oh, ini jam
koki...
Sallu : Koki yah... Ini
gimana ini? Oh, diputer yah...
Mom : Iya diputer. Eh
bunyi yah..
Sallu : Bunyi apa?
Mom : Alarm. Bunyi apa?
Sallu : Alarm.
Mom : Pinter. Ini
bentuk apa?
Sallu : Bentuknya....
Mom : Gambar apa ini?
Sallu : Gambar....apa
ini?
Mom : Gambar apa coba?
Gambar bapak-bapak yah?
Sallu : Gambar bapak...
Mom : Ini apa? Jenggot
yah?
Sallu : Bukan.. Ini
kumisnya...
Mom : Pinter. Kumisnya
warna apa?
Sallu : Warna item.
Mom : Eh, bapaknya
megang sendok sama garpu. Iya khan?
Sallu : Iya...
Mom : Pake topi warna
apa? Warna?
Sallu : Warna putih.
Mom : Pinter. Bajunya
warna apa?
Sallu :Bajunya warna
putih juga... Rambutnya?
Mom : Rambutnya? Warna?
Sallu : Warna putih.
Mom : Ini rambutnya
ini..
Sallu : Warna item
Mom : Pinter
Mom : Terus megang apa
ini?
Sallu : Silent
Mom : Bapaknya megang
apa ini?
Sallu : Megang sendok
sama garpu.
Mom : Pinter.
Sallu : Nah... kring...
Mom : Iya.. bunyi yah..
bunyi apa?
Sallu : Alarm.
SESSION 3
Mom : Sallu udah mandi
belum?
Sallu : Udah..
Mom : Oya, Sallu udah
makan?
Sallu : Belum... Apaan
tuh?
Mom : Yang mana? Coba
ambil.
Sallu : Apaan itu?
Mom : Kue. Coba liat
apa aja warnanya?
Sallu : Warna kuning...
Mom : Warna kuning.
Pinter. Nah ini warna?
Sallu : Warna... pink.
Mom : Pinter. Kalau ini
warna?
Sallu : Ijo....
Mom : Ijo... horeee..
Yuk kita buka.
Sallu : Rasanya
stroberi..
Mom : Mana yang rasa
stroberi?
Sallu : Ini...
Mom : Yang pink?
Iyaaa...
Sallu : Iya yang pink.
Bukain...
Mom : Yuk kita buka..
Sallu : Beli dimana
itu?
Mom : Ini beli di
warung.
Sallu : Warung..
Mom : Gimana rasanya?
Sallu : Enak.
Mom : Rasa apa?
Sallu : Rasa anggur.
Mom : Anggur. Pinter
yah..
Sallu : Abis kuenya.
Uda abis..
Mom : Iya udah abis
kuenya. Ayo kita cuci tangan yuk..
Sallu : Ayo..
IV.
REFERENCES
Steinberg, D (1982). Psycholinguistics:
Language, Mind, and World. Longman: London and
Newyork.
Dardjowidjojo, Soenjono (2000). Echa:
Kisah Pemerolehan Bahasa Anak Indonesia.
Jakarta: Grasiondo
Dardjowidjojo, Soenjono (2003).
Psikolinguistik: Pengantar Pemahaman Bahasa
Manusia. Yayasan Obor Indonesia: Jakarta
Clark, E. V. 2003. First Language
Acquisition. Cambrige: Cambrige University Press.
Raja, Patuan (2009). Awal Pemerolehan
Bahasa. Lampung University: Bandar Lampung.
www.wikipedia.com
www.google.com
