SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
An Analysis of Baby Talk
Arranged by:
NPM : 0713042023
THE FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND PEDAGOGY
UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG
2011
CHAPTER I
I.I Definition of Baby Talk
Baby talk also referred to as caretaker speech, infant-directed speech (IDS) or child-directed speech (CDS) and informally as "motherese", "parentese", or "mommy talk", is a nonstandard form of speech used by adults in talking to toddlers and infants. It is usually delivered with a "cooing" pattern of intonation different from that of normal adult speech: high in pitch, with many glissando variations that are more pronounced than those of normal speech. Baby talk is also characterized by the shortening and simplifying of words. Baby talk is similar to what is used by people when talking to their pets (pet-directed speech), and between adults as a form of affection, intimacy, bullying or condescension. Possible purposes of baby talk are:
A. Use with infants
Baby talk is more effective than regular speech in getting an infant's attention. Studies have shown that infants actually prefer to listen to this type of speech. Some researchers, including Rima Shore (1997), believe that baby talk is an important part of the emotional bonding process between the parents and their child that help the infants learn the language. More than one language can also be learned because eventually, the child will be clever enough to differentiate the languages. It is easier to learn languages as an infant than as an adult. Other researchers from Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Wisconsin confirm that using basic “baby talk” helps babies pick up words faster than usual. Infants actually pay more attention when parents use infant-directed language, which has a slower and more repetitive tone than used in regular conversation.
Colwyn Trevarthen studied babies and their mothers. He observed the communication and subtle movements between the babies and mothers. He has links to music therapy with other theorists.
Colwyn Trevarthen studied babies and their mothers. He observed the communication and subtle movements between the babies and mothers. He has links to music therapy with other theorists.
B. Use with non-infants
The use of baby talk is not limited to interactions between adults and infants, as it may be used among adults, or by adults to animals. In these instances, the outward style of the language may be that of baby talk, but is not considered actual parentese, as it serves a different linguistic function.
I.II Transcript of the videos
Video 1
Mbah : Ajid tadi ngompolin mbah ya? Iya?
Sajid : ya ..
Mbah : ajid mau ma’em ga? Ma’em apa jid?
Sajid : telong ..
Mbah : telor? Wee.. enak tenan makan pake telor.
Apa mbaak, gitu! Jangan Kemana-mana. Becek! Be..cek..
Sajid : ko….
Mbah : mbak keiko….
Sajid : ko ….
Mbah : Mbak keiko.. siniiii.. gitu! Ajid bangun tiduurr!
Sajid : ko….
Mbah : mbak keiko siniiii.. gitu! Sini mbak!..
Sajid : niiiii…..
Mbah : Tuh dipanggil mbak keiko tuh!
Om Dicky tuh.. apa om, gitu! Apa om?
Sajid : Euuuhh..
Mbah : mau minta malahan.. mbak keiko panggil sana! Suruh kesini! Apa mbak gitu!
Sajid : Koooo…..
Mbah : Siniiii, gitu!
Sajid : niiiiiiiii………
Mbah : eh ibunya kemana?
Sajid : Ja… (kerja)
Mbah : Cariii apa?
Sajid : iiipppp… (duit)
Mbah : Untuk beli apa?
Sajid : cuuuuuu…….
Mbah : uuh.. itu digigit.. cokotib nyamuk!
Sajid : niiiiiiii….
Mbah : gak boleh dipintaa.. gak boleh.. nya’ om dicky!
Sajid : kiiii…
Mbah : iyaaa…
Sajid : Koooooo…
Mbah : Sini mbaaaaakkk…
Video 2
Mbah : ni mbak azizah!
Sajid : jaaaahh…
Mbah : mbak azizah gitu!
Sajid : jaaahhh.. unga.. unga… (bunga)
Mbah : ada durinya itu bunganya. Ini aja bijinya nii !
Sajid : njiiiii…
Mbah : mana mbak azizahnya? Kayaknya di dalem.. mbaaakkk!
Sajid : uuuhh..
Mbah : disiniii..nii.. sini cariii.. bunganya …
Sajid : aiiii (cari).. niii….
Mbah : Jelek ituuu… nii… jangan deket-deket situ.. niii… tuh om dicky tuh !
Sajid : kii….
Mbah : ooom … om, gitu!
Sajid : niiii….
Mbah : iniii… tuh… banyak udah !
Sajid : nyaak!
Mbah : huuwh.. kok dijatohin.. lho kok dibuangin.. udah ahh.. dibuangin! Ambil?
Sajid : niii…
Mbah : kecucuk..kecucuk…
Sajid : paaaaangg..
Mbah : mana kapalnya?
Sajid : taaah.. (atas)
Mbah : ayam tuh! Ker..ker..ker.. gitu!
Sajid : boooon!
Mbah : iya ke kebon ayamnya. Ayamnya ke kebon! Bunyinya ayam gimana?
Sajid : Uuuu..uu..uu..
Mbah : UUuu..uu..
Video 3
Mbah : Liat ayam lagi yok! Sini Yok!
Sajid : Boooonn….
Mbah : Iya ke kebon.. cari lagi ayamnya.. cari lagi ayamnya..
Sajid : kiiiii…kiiii…
Mbah : ooomm.. ommm..
Sajid : ooomm.. oommm…
Mbah : gak boleh diminta itu mah!
SAJID : KIII.. KIII..
Mbah : dah sana bijinya mana? Cariin. Tu dibuangin semua itu! Di bawah aja nyarinya..
Sajid : cuuuk.. cuuuuk…
Mbah : tuh.. ambil! Hehe.. gak bisa ya…
Sajid : naaaa…
Mbah : manaaaa??
Sajid : uuuhhh…
Mbah : jambuuu.. mentah
Sajid : mbuuuu…
Mbah : maenan.. om dicky, gtu!
Sajid : oomm..
Mbah : sini om.. gitu! Ayok berdiri! Jalan dong!
Sajid : njiiii…
Mbah : tuh nyampe.. ambill.. mbim..mbimm.. kok dibuangin?
Sajid : huuuuh…
Mbah : ada semut! Sini ada semut!
Sajid : muuuttt..
Mbah : lhooo.. dibuangin … awas jatoh!
CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
Discussion on the Videos
This chapter will discuss about the videos that has been Tran scripted, which was recorded by writer. From what we can see on the videos, it is true that when a person talks to a baby, they automatically use different kind of language variation, which is called by baby talk. It is universal. Meaning, every adult in the world will do the same to their own baby. But, the participants in these videos do not include the baby’s mother. Do they actually have different kind of baby talk?
In the videos, we can see that the adults modify their way of speaking when they are talking to the baby. All of the participants do. Compared to the way they speak to other adults, the way of their speaking towards the baby has some criteria:
1. It has shorter, more complete sentences.
2. Some words are pronounced in higher pitch, in order to make the baby able to repeat the same exact words.
3. The speaking rate is slower.
4. The articulation is precise.
5. Phonological features were simplified.
6. The use of self reference by the adult participants.
As noted above, baby talk often involves shortening and simplifying words, with the possible addition of slurred words and nonverbal utterances, and can invoke a vocabulary of its own. Some utterances are invented by parents within a particular family unit, or passed down from parent to parent over generations, while others are quite widely known.
In that video, two participants, namely Mislina (grandmother/mbah) and Sajid (baby), were having the conversation. Mislina, in the other hand, always used good words to the baby. She apparently realizes that what she says will influence the baby a lot. That’s why she carefully chooses her words. She also did some correction to the baby’s words. When the baby said a word with wrong pronunciation or not in complete form, she repeated the word in baby talk. This is done by her with the purpose to make the baby realizes that he is wrong. The repetition in high speech can also influence the baby to follow what the participant says. For example, when the baby said “booonnn”, Ida corrected it by saying “Keeebooonnn” in high pitch. Afterwards, the baby tried to pronounce it again, this time, in the correct pronunciation.
CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION
Based on the discussion, we can draw conclusion that baby talk is universally used by people in the world when they talk to babies. We also know for sure that each person has different kind of baby talk. There are several factors that influence a person’s baby talk. Age and Gender are some of them. A Study done by Japanese researcher also shows that a mother will have a “particular” period of awareness to baby talk when they have infants. This period will gradually disappear along with the growth of their babies. And last, we know that baby talk is extremely important for the baby in order to acquire their first language.
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